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Fort Parker massacre
The Fort Parker massacre was an event in May 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans.〔Today these peoples are variously denominated ''Native Americans'', ''First Americans'', ''First Nation'', and ''American Indians''. On the Texas frontier in 1836, they would have simply been designated ''Indians''.〕 In this raid, a 9-year old girl, Cynthia Ann Parker, was captured and spent most of the rest of her life with the Comanche, marrying a Chief, Peta Nocona, and giving birth to a son, Quanah Parker, who would become the last Chief of the Comanches. Her brother, John Richard Parker, who was also captured, was ransomed back after six years, but unable to adapt to white society, ran back to the Comanches.
==History==
Fort Parker was established about two miles (3 km) west of present-day Groesbeck, Limestone County, Texas, USA by Elder John Parker (1758–1836), his sons, Benjamin, Silas and James, plus other members of the ''Pilgrim Predestinarian Baptist Church'' of Crawford County, Illinois. Led by John and Daniel Parker, they came to Texas in 1833.〔"The descendants of Elder John Parker were a strange and often brilliant family who may have changed the course of Texas and western history. Their obsession with religion and their desire for land took them from Virginia to Georgia, Tennessee, Illinois and finally Texas...From their line...came...Quanah Parker, last of the great Comanche war chiefs—and first of their great peace leaders." - Jo Ann Powell Exley〕 Daniel's party first settled in Grimes County, then later moved to Anderson County near present-day Elkhart and established Pilgrim Church. Elder John Parker's group settled near the headwaters of the Navasota River, and built a fort for protection against Native Americans. It was completed in March 1834. Fort Parker's 12 foot (4 m) high log walls enclosed four acres (16,000 m²). Blockhouses were placed on two corners for lookouts, and six cabins were attached to the inside walls. The fort had two entrances, a large double gate facing south, and a small gate for easy access to the spring.〔''Fort Parker State Park'' was created in 1935, and a replica of the fort was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936〕 Most of the residents of the fort were part of the extended family of John and Sarah Parker.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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